「不戦条約」（ふせんじょうやく）は、国際紛争を、戦争ではなく、平和的手段によって解決することを約した国際条約で、別名は、「ケロッグ＝ブリアン協定」、正式名称は「戦争放棄に関する条約」と言いました。1927年（昭和2）に、フランス外相のブリアンが提唱した仏米不戦条約案を受けたアメリカの国務長官ケロッグが、これを一般条約として各国に呼びかけたのが契機となります。
国策の具としての戦争放棄を約した最初の条約として大きな意義がありましたが、条約交渉を通じて「国際連盟の制裁として行われる戦争」および「自衛戦争」は対象から除外され、制裁条項がないため，実質的効果は極めて少なく、1930年代以降の非常事態には対処し得ませんでした。しかし、第二次世界大戦後の国連憲章にもこの精神が生かされています。
当初は、1928年（昭和3）8月27日に、15ヶ国間に結ばれましたが、その後 63ヶ国が加わり、1929年（昭和4）7月24日に発効しました。
以下に、「不戦条約」の英語版原文と日本語訳を掲載しておきますので、ご参照下さい。
〇「戦争放棄に関する条約」 1928年（昭和3）8月27日調印、1929年（昭和4）7月24日発効
＜英語版原文＞
Signed at Paris. August 27, 1928.
Ratified June 27, 1929.
Ratification deposited at Washington, July 24, 1929.
Promulgated July 25, 1929.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE GERMAN REICH, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS, THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF GREAT BRITAIN IRELAND AND THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS, EMPEROR OF INDIA, HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF ITALY, HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN, THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND THE PRESIDENT OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC,
Deeply sensible of their solemn duty to promote the welfare of mankind;
Persuaded that the time has, come when a frank renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy should be made to the end that the peaceful and friendly relations now existing between their peoples may be perpetuated;
Convinced that all changes in their relations with one another should be sought only by pacific means and be the result of a peaceful and orderly process, and that any signatory Power which shall hereafter seek to promote its national interests by resort to war a should be denied the benefits furnished by this Treaty;
Hopeful that, encouraged by their example, all the other nations of the world will join in this humane endeavor and by adhering to the present Treaty as soon as it comes into force bring their peoples within the scope of its beneficent provisions, thus uniting the civilized nations of the world in a common renunciation of war as an instrument of their national policy;
Have decided to conclude a Treaty and for that purpose have appointed as their respective
Plenipotentiaries:
THE PRESIDENT OF THE GERMAN REICH:
Dr Gustav STRESEMANN, Minister of Foreign Affairs;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
The Honorable Frank B. KELLOGG, Secretary of State;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS:
Mr Paul HYMANS, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Minister of State;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC:
Mr. Aristide BRIAND Minister for Foreign Affairs;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND AND THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS, EMPEROR OF INDIA:
For GREAT BRITAIN and NORTHERN IBELAND and all parts of the British Empire which are not separate Members of the League of Nations:
The Right Honourable Lord CUSHENDUN, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Acting-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs;
For the DOMINION OF CANADA:
The Right Honourable William Lyon MACKENZIE KING, Prime Minister and Minister for External Affairs;
For the COMMONWEALTH of AUSTRLIA:
The Honourable Alexander John McLACHLAN, Member of the Executive Federal Council;
For the DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND:
The Honourable Sir Christopher James PARR High Commissioner for New Zealand in Great Britain;
For the UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA:
The Honourable Jacobus Stephanus SMIT, High Commissioner for the Union of South Africa in Great Britain;
For the IRISH FREE STATE:
Mr. William Thomas COSGRAVE, President of the Executive Council;
For INDIA:
The Right Honourable Lord CUSHENDUN, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Acting Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF ITALY:
Count Gaetano MANZONI, his Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at Paris.
HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN:
Count UCHIDA, Privy Councillor;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND:
Mr. A. ZALESKI, Minister for Foreign Affairs;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC:
Dr Eduard BENES, Minister for Foreign Affairs;
who, having communicated to one another their full powers found in good and due form have agreed upon the following articles:
ARTICLE I
The High Contracting Parties solemnly declare in the names of their respective peoples that they condemn recourse to war for the solution of international controversies, and renounce it, as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another.
ARTICLE II
The High Contracting Parties agree that the settlement or solution of all disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them, shall never be sought except by pacific means.
ARTICLE III
The present Treaty shall be ratified by the High Contracting Parties named in the Preamble in accordance with their respective constitutional requirements, and shall take effect as between them as soon as all their several instruments of ratification shall have been deposited at Washington.
This Treaty shall, when it has come into effect as prescribed in the preceding paragraph, remain open as long as may be necessary for adherence by all the other Powers of the world. Every instrument evidencing the adherence of a Power shall be deposited at Washington and the Treaty shall immediately upon such deposit become effective as; between the Power thus adhering and the other Powers parties hereto.
It shall be the duty of the Government of the United States to furnish each Government named in the Preamble and every Government subsequently adhering to this Treaty with a certified copy of the Treaty and of every instrument of ratification or adherence. It shall also be the duty of the Government of the United States telegraphically to notify such Governments immediately upon the deposit with it of each instrument of ratification or adherence.
IN FAITH WHEREOF the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty in the French and English languages both texts having equal force, and hereunto affix their seals.
DONE at Paris, the twenty-seventh day of August in the year one thousand nine hundred and twenty-eight.
[SEAL] GUSTAV STRESEMANN
[SEAL] FRANK B KELLOGG
[SEAL] PAUL HYMANS
[SEAL] ARI BRIAND
[SEAL] CUSHENDUN
[SEAL] W. L. MACKENZIE KING
[SEAL] A J MCLACHLAN
[SEAL] C. J. PARR
[SEAL] J S. SMIT
[SEAL] LIAM T.MACCOSGAIR
[SEAL] CUSHENDUN
[SEAL] G. MANZONI
[SEAL] UCHIDA
[SEAL] AUGUST ZALESKI
[SEAL] DR EDWARD BENES
Certified to be a true copy of the signed original deposited with the Government of the United States of America.
FRANK B. KELLOGG
Secretary of State of the United States of America
AND WHEREAS it is stipulated in the said Treaty that it shall take effect as between the High Contracting Parties as soon as all the several instruments of ratification shall have been deposited at Washington;
AND WHEREAS the said Treaty has been duly ratified on the parts of all the High Contracting Parties and their several instruments of ratification have been deposited with the Government of the United States of America, the last on July 24, 1929;
NOW TIIEREFORE, be it known that I, Herbert Hoover, President of the United States of America, have caused the said Treaty to be made public, to the end that the same and every article and clause thereof may be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the United States and the citizens thereof.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.
DONE at the city of Washington this twenty-fourth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty-nine, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and fifty-fourth
HERBERT HOOVER
By the President:
HENRY L STIMSON
Secretary of State
NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE
ADHERING COUNTRIES
When this Treaty became effective on July 24, 1929, the instruments of ratification of all of the signatory powers having been deposited at Washington, the following countries, having deposited instruments of definitive adherence, became parties to it:
Afghanistan
Finland
Peru
Albania
Guatemala
Portugal
Austria
Hungary
Rumania
Bulgaria
Iceland
Russia
China
Latvia
Kingdom of the Serbs
Cuba
Liberia
Croats and Slovenes
Denmark
Lithuania
Siam
Dominican Republic
Netherlands
Spain
Egypt
Nicaragua
Sweden
Estonia
Norway
Turkey
Ethiopia
Panama
Additional adhesions deposited subsequent to July 24, 1929. Persia, July 2, 1929; Greece, August 3, 1929; Honduras, August 6, 1929; Chile, August 12, 1929; Luxemburg August 14, 1929; Danzig, September 11, 1929; Costa Rica, October 1, 1929; Venezuela, October 24, 1929.
＜日本語訳＞
戦争抛棄ニ関スル条約
独逸国大統領、亜米利加合衆国大統領、白耳義国皇帝陛下、仏蘭西共和国大統領、「グレート、ブリテン」「アイルランド」及「グレート、ブリテン」海外領土皇帝印度皇帝陛下、伊太利国皇帝陛下、日本国皇帝陛下、波蘭共和国大統領、「チェッコスロヴァキア」共和国大統領ハ
人類ノ福祉ヲ増進スベキ其ノ厳粛ナル責務ヲ深ク感銘シ
其ノ人民間ニ現存スル平和及友好ノ関係ヲ永久ナラシメンガ為国家ノ政策ノ手段トシテノ戦争ヲ率直ニ抛棄スベキ時期ノ到来セルコトヲ確信シ
其ノ相互関係ニ於ケル一切ノ変更ハ平和的手段ニ依リテノミ之ヲ求ムベク又平和的ニシテ秩序アル手続ノ結果タルベキコト及今後戦争ニ訴ヘテ国家ノ利益ヲ増進セントスル署名国ハ本条約ノ供与スル利益ヲ拒否セラルベキモノナルコトヲ確信シ
其ノ範例ニ促サレ世界ノ他ノ一切ノ国ガ此ノ人道的努力ニ参加シ且本条約ノ実施後速ニ加入スルコトニ依リテ其ノ人民ヲシテ本条約ノ規定スル恩沢ニ浴セシメ、以テ国家ノ政策ノ手段トシテノ戦争ノ共同抛棄ニ世界ノ文明諸国ヲ結合センコトヲ希望シ
茲ニ条約ヲ締結スルコトニ決シ之ガ為左ノ如ク其ノ全権委員ヲ任命セリ
独逸国大統領
外務大臣「ドクトル、グスタフ、ストレーゼマン」
亜米利加合衆国大統領
国務長官「フランク、ビー、ケロッグ」
白耳義国皇帝陛下
外務大臣兼国務大臣「ポール、イーマンス」
仏蘭西共和国大統領
外務大臣「アリスティード、ブリアン」
「グレート、ブリテン」「アイルランド」及「グレート、ブリテン」海外領土皇帝印度皇帝陛下
「グレート、ブリテン」及北部「アイルランド」竝ニ国際聯盟ノ個個ノ聯盟国ニ非ザル英帝国ノ一切ノ部分
「ランカスター」公領尚書外務大臣代理「ロード、クッシェンダン」
加奈陀
総理大臣兼外務大臣「ウイリアム、ライオン、マッケンジー、キング」
「オーストラリア」連邦
連邦内閣員「アレグザンダー、ジョン、マックラックラン」
「ニュー、ジーランド」
「グレート、ブリテン」駐在「ニュー、ジーランド」高級委員「サー、クリストファー、ジェームス、パール」
南阿弗利加連邦
「グレート、ブリテン」駐在南阿弗利加連邦高級委員「ヤコブス、ステファヌス、スミット」
「アイルランド」自由国
内閣議長「ウイリアム、トーマス、コスグレーヴ」
印度
「ランカスター」公領尚書外務大臣代理「ロード、クッシェンダン」
伊太利国皇帝陛下
仏蘭西国駐箚伊太利国特命全権大使伯爵「ガエタノ、マンゾニ」
日本国皇帝陛下
枢密顧問官伯爵内田康哉
波蘭共和国大統領
外務大臣「アー、ザレスキー」
「チェッコスロヴァキア」共和国大統領
外務大臣「ドクトル、エドゥアルド、ベネシュ」
第一条
締約国ハ国際紛争解決ノ為戦争ニ訴フルコトヲ非トシ且其ノ相互関係ニ於テ国家ノ政策ノ手段トシテノ戦争ヲ抛棄スルコトヲ其ノ各自ノ人民ノ名ニ於テ厳粛ニ宣言スル
第二条
締約国ハ相互間ニ起コルコトアルベキ一切ノ紛争又ハ紛議ハ其ノ性質又ハ起因ノ如何ヲ問ハズ平和的手段ニ依ルノ外之ガ処理又ハ解決ヲ求メザルコトヲ約ス
第三条
１.本条約ハ前文ニ掲ゲラルル締約国ニ依リ各自ノ憲法上ノ用件ニ従ヒ批准セラルベク且各国ノ批准書ガ総テ「ワシントン」ニ於テ寄託セラレタル後直ニ締約国間ニ実施セラルベシ
２.本条約ハ前項ニ定ムル所ニ依リ実施セラルトキハ世界ノ他ノ一切ノ国ノ加入ノ為必要ナル間開キ置カルベシ一国ノ加入ヲ証スル各文書ハ「ワシントン」ニ於テ寄託セラルベク本条約ハ右寄託ノ時ヨリ直ニ該加入国ト本条約ノ他ノ当事国トノ間ニ実施セラルベシ
３.亜米利加合衆国政府ハ前文ニ掲ゲラルル各国政府及ビ爾後本条約ニ加入スル各国政府ニ対シ本条約及一切ノ批准書又ハ加入書ノ認証謄本ヲ交付スルノ義務ヲ有ス亜米利加合衆国政府ハ各批准書又ハ加入書ガ同国政府ニ寄託アリタルトキハ直ニ右諸国政府ニ電報ヲ以テ通告スルノ義務ヲ有ス
右証拠トシテ各全権委員ハ仏蘭西語及英吉利語ヲ以テ作成セラレ両本文共ニ同等ノ効力ヲ有スル本条約ニ署名調印セリ
千九百二十八年八月二十七日巴里ニ於テ作成ス
グスタフ、ストレーゼマン （印）
フランク、ビー、ケロッグ （印）
ポール、イーマンス （印）
アリスティード、ブリアン （印）
クッシェンダン （印）
ダブリュー、エル、マッケンジー、キング （印）
エー、ジェー、マックラックラン （印）
シー、ジェー、パール （印）
ジェー、エス、スミット （印）
リアム、ティー、マッコシュガル （印）
クッシェンダン （印）
ジー、マンゾニ （印）
內田康哉 （印）
アウグスト、ザレスキー （印）
ドクトル、エドゥアルド、ベネシュ （印）
宣言
（昭和四年六月二十七日）
帝国政府ハ千九百二十八年八月二十七日巴里ニ於テ署名セラレタル戦争抛棄ニ関スル条約第一条中ノ「其ノ各自ノ人民ノ名ニ於イテ」ナル字句ハ帝国憲法ノ条章ヨリ観テ日本国ニ限リ適用ナキモノト了解スルコトヲ宣言ス
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