今日は、明治時代前期の1888年（明治21）に、日本とメキシコがアジア以外では初の対等条約となる「日墨修好通商条約」に調印した日です。

　「日墨修好通商条約」（にちぼくしゅうこうつうしょうじょうやく）は、日本とメキシコの間で締結された、日本最初のアジア以外で締結した対等条約でした。相互の通商航海の自由・安全を保障し、治外法権を認めず、関税自主権のあるものです。
　当時ワシントン在勤の日本全権陸奥宗光と駐米メキシコ公使マティアス・ロメロとの間で調印され、翌年6月6日に批准書交換し、7月18日に公布･実施されました。この条約締結後、1891年（明治24）に日墨両国公使を交換、メキシコ人への内地開放が認められ、1897年（明治30）にはメキシコへの日本人移民が行われています。
　この条約を契機として、日本と中米諸国との間にも通商条約を締結しようとする機運が高まることとなりました。
　以下に、「日墨修好通商条約」の英語版と日本語版を掲載しておきますので、ご参照下さい。

Treaty of Amity and Commerce Between United Mexican States and the Emperor of Japan

Signed at Washington, in Japanese, Spanish and English, November 30, 1888 (21st your of Meiji).

Ratified January 29, 1889 (22nd year of Meiji).

Ratifications exchanged at Washington, June 6, 1889.

Promulgated July 18, 1889.

His Majesty the Emperor of Japan and the President of the United Mexican States, being equally animated by a desire to establish upon a firm and lasting foundation relations of friendship and commerce between their respective States and subjects and citizens, have resolved to conclude a Treaty of Amity and Commerce, and have for that purpose named their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: -

His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Jushii Munemitsu Mutsu, of the Order of the Rising Sun and of the Third Class of Merit, and His Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near the Government of the United States of America; and the President of the United Mexican States, Matias Romero, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United Mexican States in Washington; who, having communicated to each other their respective Full Powers and found them in good and due form, have agreed upon the following Articles: -

ARTICLE I.

There shall be firm and perpetual peace and amity between the Empire of Japan and the United Mexican States, and their respective subjects and citizens.

ARTICLE II.

His Majesty the Emperor of Japan may, if He see fit, accredit a Diplomatic Agent to the Government of the United Mexican States; and in like manner, the Government of the United Mexican States may, if it thinks proper, accredit a Diplomatic Agent to the Court of Tokio; and each of the Contracting Parties shall have the right to appoint Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls and Consular Agents, for the convenience of trade, to reside in all the ports and places within the territories of the other Contracting Party, where similar Consular Officers of the most favored nation are permitted to reside; but before any Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul or Consular Agent shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the Government to which he is sent.

The Diplomatic and Consular Officers of each of the two Contracting Parties shall, subject to the stipulations of this Treaty, enjoy in the territories of the other whatever rights, privileges, exemptions, and immunities, which are, or shall be, granted there to officers of corresponding rank of the most favored nation.

ARTICLE III.

There shall be between the Territories and Possessions of the two Contracting Parties reciprocal freedom of commerce and navigation. The subjects and citizens, respectively, of each of the Contracting Parties shall have the right to come freely and securely with their ships and cargoes to all places and ports in the Territories and Possessions of the other where subjects or citizens of the most favored nation are permitted so to come; they may remain and reside at all the places or ports where subjects or citizens of the most favored nation are permitted to remain and reside, and they may there hire and occupy houses and warehouses, and may there trade by wholesale or retail in all kinds of products, manufactures and merchandise of lawful commerce.

ARTICLE IV.

His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, in consideration of the several stipulations contained in this Treaty, hereby grants to Mexican citizens resorting to Japan, apart from and in addition to the privileges extended to such citizens by the last preceding Article of this Treaty, the privilege of coming, remaining and residing in all parts of His Territories and Possessions; of there hiring and occupying houses and warehouses; of there trading by wholesale or retail in all kinds of products, manufactures

and merchandise of lawful commerce; and finally, of there engaging in and pursuing all other lawful occupations.

ARTICLE V.

The two Contracting Parties hereby agree that any favor, privilege or immunity whatever in matters relating to commerce, navigation, travel through, or residence in their Territories or Possessions which either Contracting Party has actually granted or may hereafter grant to the subjects or citizens of any other State, shall be extended to the subjects or citizens of the other Contracting Party; gratuitously, if the concession in favor of that other State shall have been gratuitous; and on the same or

equivalent conditions, if the concession shall have been conditional.

ARTICLE VI.

No other or higher duties or charges on account of tonnage, light or harbor dues, pilotage, quarantine, salvage in ease of damage, or any other local charges, shall be imposed in any of the ports of Japan on vessels of the United Mexican States, or in any of the ports of the United Mexican

States on vessels of Japan, than are or may hereafter be payable in like eases in the same ports on vessels of the most favored nation.

ARTICLE VII.

No other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into Japan of any article, the growth, product or manufacture of the United Mexican States; and, reciprocally, no other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United Mexican States of any article, the growth, product or manufacture of Japan, than are, or shall be, payable on the importation of the like article being the growth, product or manufacture of any other foreign country.

Nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be imposed in the Territories or Possessions of either of the two Contracting Parties on the exportation of any article to the Territories or Possessions of the other than such as are, or may be, payable on the exportation of the like article to any other foreign country. No prohibition shall be imposed on the importation of any article, the growth, product or manufacture of the Territories of either of the Contracting Parties into the Territories or Possessions of the other, which shall not equally extend to the like article being the growth, product or manufacture of any other country. Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation of any article from the Territories of either of the Contracting Parties to the Territories or Possessions of the other, which shall not equally extend to the exportation of the like article to the territories of all other nations.

ARTICLE VIII.

Citizens of the United Mexican States, as well as Mexican vessels resorting to Japan, or to the territorial waters thereof, shall, so long as they there remain, be subject to the laws of Japan and to the jurisdiction of His Imperial Majesty's Courts; and, in the same manner, His Imperial Majesty's subjects and Japanese vessels resorting to Mexico and to the territorial waters of Mexico shall be subject to the laws and jurisdiction of Mexico.

ARTICLE IX.

The present Treaty shall go into operation immediately after the exchange of ratifications, and shall continue in force until the expiration of six months after either of the Contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same, and no longer.

ARTICLE X.

The present Treaty shall be signed in duplicate in each of the Japanese, Spanish and English languages, and in case there should be found any discrepancy between the Japanese and Spanish texts, it will be decided in conformity with the English text, which is binding upon both Governments.

ARTICLE XI.

The present Treaty shall be ratified by the two Contracting Parties, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible.

In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty, and hereunto affixed their respective seals.

Done in sextuplicate at Washington this thirtieth day of the eleventh month of the twenty-first year of Meiji, corresponding to the 30th day of November of the year one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight.

　[L.S.] (Signed) MUNEMITSU MUTSU.

　[LS.] (Signed) M. ROMERO.

日墨修好通商条約

明治二十一年十一月三十日華盛頓ニ於テ調印（日、西、英文）

明治二十二年一月二十九日批准

同年六月六日華盛頓ニ於テ批准書交換

同年七月十八日公布

日本皇帝陛下及墨西哥合衆国大統領ハ両国間竝ニ其臣民及人民間ノ修好通商ニ関シ永久堅固ノ基礎ヲ定メンコトヲ欲シ修好通商条約ヲ締結スルコトニ決シ日本皇帝陛下ハ亜米利加合衆国華盛頓府ニ駐劄スル日本皇帝陛下ノ特命全権公使従四位勳三等陸奥宗光ヲ其全權委員ニ命シ墨西哥合衆国大統領ハ亜米利加合衆国華盛頓府ニ駐劄スル墨西哥合衆国ノ特命全権公使「マチアス、ロメロ」ヲ其全権委員ニ命シタリ因テ双方ノ全権委員ハ互ニ其委任狀ヲ示シ其正実適当ナルヲ確認シ左ノ条々ヲ合議決定セリ

　　第一条

日本帝国ト墨西哥合衆国トノ間並ニ両国臣民及ヒ人民ノ間ニ永遠無窮ノ平和親睦アルヘシ

　　第二条

日本皇帝陛下ハ其便宜ニ従ヒ其外交官ヲ墨西哥合衆国ニ駐劄セシムルコトヲ得墨西哥合衆国政府モ亦其便宜ニ従ヒ其外交宮ヲ日本国ニ駐劄セシムルコトヲ得又両締約国ハ各々通商上便宜ノ為メ他ノ一方ノ領地ニ於テ最惠国領事官ノ駐在シ得ヘキ各港各所ニ總領事、領事、副領事及ヒ領事代理ヲ駐在セシムルノ権ヲ有スヘシ然レトモ右総領事、領事、副領事及ヒ領事代理ハ其職務ヲ行フニ先チ定式ニ従ヒ其赴任国政府ノ認可ヲ経ヘキモノトス而シテ両締約国ノ一方ノ外交官及ヒ領事官ハ本条約ノ各条款ニ抵触セサル外他ノ一方ノ領地内ニ於テ最惠国ノ同格ノ外交官及領事官ニ現ニ許与シ若クハ将来許与スヘキ一切ノ権利特権及ヒ免除ヲ享有スヘシ

　　第三条

両締約国ノ領地及ヒ其所属地ノ間ニハ相互ニ通商及ヒ航海ノ自由アルヘシ両締約国ノ一方ノ臣民若クハ人民ハ他ノ一方ノ領地及ヒ所属地ニシテ最惠国ノ臣民若クハ人民ノ到リ得ヘキ各所各港ヘハ其船舶貨物ヲ以テ自由安全ニ到ルコトヲ得且ツ最惠国ノ臣民若クハ人民ノ滯在住居シ得ヘキ各所各港ニ滯在住居スルコトヲ得又右臣民若クハ人民ハ其住居地ニ在テ家屋倉庫ヲ借受ケ総テ正業ニ屬スル天産物、製造品及ヒ其他商品ノ卸売若クハ小売営業ニ従事スルコトヲ得

　　第四条

日本皇帝陛下ハ本条約前条ニ依リ日本国ニ渡来スル墨西哥国人民ニ附与シタル特権ノ外茲ニ此条約ニ記載セル数箇ノ条款ニ対シ別ニ同国人民ニ許与スルニ皇帝陛下ノ領地內及ヒ其所属地各所ニ入来シ又ハ滯在住居シ同所ニ於テ家屋倉庫ヲ借受ケ又ハ総テ正業ニ屬スル天產物、製造品及ヒ各種商品ノ卸売若クハ小売営業及ヒ其他一切合法ノ職業ニ従事スルノ特権ヲ以テス

　　第五条

両締約国ハ其一方ノ領地ニ於テ通商航海旅行及ヒ住居ノ事ニ関シ他ノ外国ノ臣民若クハ人民ニ現ニ許与シ若クハ将来許与スヘキ一切ノ殊遇、特権及ヒ免除ハ他ノ一方ノ臣民若クハ人民ニモ之ヲ許与シ而シテ右殊遇、特権及ヒ免除ハ報酬ヲ要セスシテ他ノ外国ノ臣民若クハ人民ニ許与シタルモノニ係レハ又均シク報酬ヲ要セスシテ之ヲ許与シ若シ別段ノ約束ニ依テ許与シタルモノニ係レハ則チ同一ノ約束又ハ之ト同一ノ価値ヲ有スル報酬ニ対シテ之ヲ許与スヘキコトヲ約ス

　　第六条

噸税、燈税、港税、水先案内費、難破救助費及ヒ其他ノ諸稅ニ就キテハ日本各港ニ於ケル墨西哥合衆国ノ船舶又墨西哥合衆国各港ニ於ケル日本国ノ船舶ニ対シ最惠国ノ船舶ニ現ニ賦課シ又ハ将来賦課スヘキ諸税ニ異ナルカ又ハ之ヨリ多額ノ税金ヲ賦課スルコトナカルヘシ

　　第七条

墨西哥合衆国ノ天産物及ヒ製造品ヲ日本国ニ輸入シ又ハ日本国ノ天産物及ヒ製造品ヲ墨西哥合衆国ニ輸入スルトキハ他ノ外国ノ産出若クハ製造ニ係ル同種類ノ物品ニ対シ現ニ賦課シ若クハ将来賦課スヘキ輸入税ニ異ナルカ又ハ之ヨリ多額ノ税ヲ賦課スルコトナカルヘシ又両締約国ノ一方ノ領地若クハ所屬地ヨリ他ノ一方ノ領地若クハ所屬地へ向ケ輸出スル物品ニ就テハ他ノ外国へ向ケ輸出スル同種類ノ物品ニ対シ現ニ賦課シ若クハ将来賦課スヘキ諸税金ニ異ナルカ又ハ之ヨリ多額ノ税ヲ賦課スルコトナカルヘシ又両締約国ノ一方ノ領地ノ天産物若クハ製造品ヲ他ノ一方ノ領地若クハ所屬地ニ輸入スルヲ禁スルハ他ノ外国ノ産出若クハ製造ニ係ル同種類ノ物品ノ輸入ヲ禁スル場合ニ限ルヘシ又両締約国ノ一方ノ領地ヨリ他ノ一方ノ領地若クハ所屬地へ向ケ物品ヲ輸出スルヲ禁スルハ他ノ外国ノ領地へ向ケ同種類ノ物品ノ輸出ヲ禁スル場合ニ限ルヘシ

　　第八条

日本国又ハ其領海ニ来る墨西哥合衆国ノ人民及ヒ船舶ハ日本国又ハ其領海ニ在ル間ハ墨西哥合衆国及ヒ其領海ニ到ル日本皇帝陛下ノ臣民及ヒ船舶カ墨西哥国ノ法律及ヒ其裁判管轄ニ服従スルト同様日本国ノ法律ヲ遵奉シ且ツ其裁判管轄ニ服従スヘキモノトス

　　第九条

本条約ハ其批准書交換後直ニ実行スヘシ而シテ両締約国ノ一方ヨリ本条約ヲ破棄スルノ意ヲ他ノ一方へ通知シタル日ヨリ六箇月間其效力ヲ有シ此期限ヲ経過シタル上ハ直ニ其效力ヲ失フヘシ

　　第十条

本条約ハ日本文、西班牙文及ヒ英文ノ三国文ニ記スヘシ若シ日本文ト西班牙文トノ間ニ文意相異ナルトキハ英文ニ従リ之ヲ断定スヘキコトヲ双方政府約束ス

　　第十一条

本条約ハ可成丈ケ早キ時期ニ両締約国ニ於テ互ニ批准シ亜米利加合衆国華盛頓府ニ於テ其批准書ヲ交換スヘシ

右証拠トシテ双方ノ全権委員本条約六通ニ記名調印スルモノ也

　日本明治二十一年十一月三十日

　西曆千八百八十八年十一月三十日

　　華盛頓府ニ於テ

　　　睦奥宗光　印

　　　ヱム、ロメロ　印

機密特別条款

（一千八百八十八年十一月三十日日本帝国ト墨西哥合衆国トノ間ニ条約ノ一部分ナリ）

右証拠トシテ双方全権委員本条約ト同様ノ手続ヲ以テ此機密特別条款六通ニ記名調印スルモノナリ

　日本明治二十一年十一月三十日

　西暦千八百八十八年十一月三十日

　　華盛頓府ニ於テ

　　　陸奥宗光（印）

　　　M.Romero（印）

　　　「舊條約彙纂第一巻第二部」外務省編より

　　※旧字を新字に直してあります。

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