「肥料の生産、分配及び使用に関する覚書」（ひりょうのせいさんぶんぱいおよびしようにかんするおぼえがき）は、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ）によって、発令された、連合国最高司令官指令第962号（SCAPIN-962）のことで、英語では「Production, Distribution, and use of Fertilizers」です。戦後の日本農業は肥料の深刻な不足に陥っていて、日本政府に対し、①すべての金肥の現在生產量を增加し、将来の生產に於ても急速継続的増産を確保すること。②窒素工場の修理及び転換に関する措置を講ずること。③現在利用されてゐる副製肥料を最大限に活用すること。④副製肥料の活用を增進するため必要であり、しかも現在入手し得ない裝具資材の一覽表を提出すること。⑤都市より農園に對する下肥の集荷引渡が促進せられること。⑤肥料の生產、分配及び使用を增進する一般的措置をとることなどを指令しました。また、日本政府に対し、半月毎に肥料報吿書を連合国最高司令部に提出するよう指令しています。以下に、「肥料の生産、分配及び使用に関する覚書」（SCAPIN-962）の英語版全文と日本語訳（抄）を掲載しておきますので、ご参照下さい。
〇「肥料の生産、分配及び使用に関する覚書」 GHQ1946年（昭和21）5月17日指令
SCAPIN-962: PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND USE OF FERTILIZERS
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS
SUPREME COMMANDER FOR THE ALLIED POWERS
AG 464.6 (17 May 46) ESS/IN APO 500
(SCAPIN-962) 17 May 1946
MEMORANDUM FOR：THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE GOVERNMENT.
THROUGH：Central Liaison Office, Tokyo.
SUBJECT：Production, Distribution, and use of Fertilizers.
1. In view of the serious shortage of fertilizers in Japan, the Imperial Japanese Government is directed to take immediate action to accomplish the following:
a. Commercial Fertilizers:
(1) Increase present production and assure rapid and continuous increase in future production of all commercial fertilizers. Your actions will include immediate coordination of all governmental agencies to assure that the following are effected:
(a) Prices: Establish and maintain prices which will be fair and equitable to both producers and consumers. In no case will production be curtailed because of price differences.
(b) Raw Materials: Allocate and deliver to all plants concerned, sufficient quantities of coal and other raw materials to assure full use of production facilities now and in the furture.
(2) In connection with repairs and conversions of nitrogenous plants, you are directed to:
(a) Effect rapid repair and conversion of approved plants through immediate determination of requirements, and prompt location, delivery and installation of needed equipment. Approved plants are those appearing on the attached annex to this Memorandum. Repair and conversion of nitrogenous plants other than those listed will not be undertaken except by authority of General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.
(b) Submit to General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers within three (3) weeks of receipt of this directive two (2) lists of equipment and materials required for repair and construction, as follows:
1. All items which are required to significantly increase nitrogenous fertilizer production in 1946 in plants already operable, and which cannot be obtained from sources available to Japanese public or private agencies.
2. All items, other than those listed as directed above, which are required to effect complete repair and conversion of approved plants, and which cannot be obtained from sources available to Japanese public or private agencies.
b. By-product Manures:
(1) Present utilization of by-product manures will be maximized.
(a) By-product manures are defined as barnyard manures, composts, green manures, night soil, and other sources of plant food such as wood ashes, garbage, and commercial wastes which can be used as fertilizers.
(2) You are directed to submit within three (3) weeks of receipt of this directive lists of equipment and materials not presently available which are necessary to expedite increased utilization of by-product manures. Information which justifies the need will be shown to support each requirement.
(3) Collection and delivery of night soil from the cities to the farms will be expedited.
c. General measures to increase the production, distribution, and use of fertilizers:
(1) Movement of fertilizers from production plants to farms will be expedited.
(2) Conservation measures will be inaugurated to insure that minimum losses occur in the handling, storing, transportation, and application to crops of commercial and farm-produced fertilizers.
(3) Special consideration will be given to distribution of fertilizers to areas of greatest need.
(4) An energetic educational program using all available means for disseminating information to the farmers on the production and efficient use of farm-produced fertilizers will be instituted immediately. This program will stress the necessity for using the best known methods for applying and using commercial and farm-produced fertilizers to growing crops for obtaining maximum crop yields.
2. You are further directed to submit semi-monthly fertilizer reports to General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. These reports will include a description of actions taken by the Imperial Japanese Government on each phase of the fertilizer program listed above. The initial report will include a plan showing what actions will be taken by the Imperial Japanese Government to implement the increased production of commercial and farm-produced fertilizers. The reports will cover fifteen (15) day periods and will be submitted within one (1) week after the first and fifteenth of each month.
FOR THE SUPREME COMMANDER:
B.M. FITCH,
Brigadier General, AGD,
Adjutant General.
1 Incl:
List of Plants Approved for Manufacture Nitrogenous Fertilizer
PLANTS APPROVED FOR MANUFACTURE OF NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERS
I - Existing Ammonium Sulphate Plants:
Location
Plant Name Municipality Prefecture
1. Toyo Koatsu Sunagawa Hokkaido
2. Nitto Kagaku Hachinohe Aomori
3. Tohoku Hiryo Akita Akita
4. Showa Denko Kawasaki Kanagawa
5. Nitto Kagaku Yokohama Kanagawa
6. Nissan Kagaku Fuchu Toyama
7. Toa Gosei Nagoya Aichi
8. Sumitomo Taki Befu Hyogo
9. Sumitomo Kagaku Niihama Ehime
10. Ube Kosan Ube Yamaguchi
11. Toyo Koatsu Shimonoseki Yamaguchi
12. Mitsubishi Kasei Yawata Fukuoka
13. Toyo Koatsu Omuta Fukuoka
14. Nihon Chisso Minamata Kumamoto
15. Nitchitsu Kagaku Nobeoka Miyazaki
II - Plants approved for Conversion from Methanol to Ammonium Sulphate Production.
1. Nihon Suiso Kogyo Onohama Fukushima
2. Sumitomo Kagaku* Niihama Ehime
3. Toyo Koatsu* Omuta Fukuoka
III - Plant Approved for Completion, and Manufacture of Urea.
1. Toyo Koatsu* Sunagawa Hokkaido
IV - Existing Calcium Cyanamide Plants
1. Tohoku Denki Iwasaki Iwate
2. Showa Denko Kanose Niigata
3. Shin-Etsu Kagaku Naoetsu Niigata
4. Shin-Etsu Kagaku Takefu Fukui
5. Denki Kagaku Aomi Niigata
6. Denki Kagaku Omuta Fukuoka
7. Nihon Carbide Uozu Toyama
8. Ebigawa Denki Ogaki Gifu
V - Plants Approved for Conversion to Calcium Cyanamide.
1. Showa Denko Asahigawa Hokkaido
2. Showa Denko Chichibu Saitama
3. Showa Denko Shiojiri Nagano
4. Showa Denko Toyama Toyama
5. Tekkosha Sakata Yamagata
6. Tohoku Kogyo Fukushima Fukushima
7. Chu-etsu Kogyo Namerikawa Toyama
* Facilities are in same factory as corresponding existing ammonium sulphate plant listed above.
MEMO FOR RECORD: (SCAPIN - 962)
GTW/rzc
16 May 1946
1. Memorandum to Imperial Japanese Government, file AG 464.6, subject "Production and Use of Fertilizers". The Problem; To secure maximum production, equitable distribution, and most efficient use of all types of agricultural fertilizers in Japan.
2. Facts bearing on the problem. At the present time the need for maximum production of food crops in all parts of the world, including Japan, is great. There is also a critical shortage of fertilizers in world supply and particularly of nitrogenous fertilizers.
3. Japan's soil has been depleted of its fertility by centuries of cropping. The production of war materials required many of the same facilities that were normally used for nitrogenous fertilizers. Japanese industry, during the war years, was unable to meet the demand for both war materials and fertilizers and fertilizer production suffered.
4. At the present time Japan’s soil is so deficient in plant nutrients that this year's crop will be very short unless fertilizers are made available in sufficient quantities. Part of the need can be met by use of farm manures, night soil, and other organic waste, however, these will not meet the total need, and commercial fertilizers are required to make up the deficiency.
5. During the years of 1941 to 1945 the consumption of commercial fertilizers in Japan proper fell lower than during any five year period between 1926 and 1940.
6. At the present time the principal factors hampering the production of commercial fertilizers are lack of raw materials and run-down or damaged condition of the factories.
7. Investigation reveals that there are thirty one suitable factories whose combined production at maximum capacity will be two million metric tons of ammonium sulphate, or equivalent, per year. This production will be sufficient to meet present needs.
8. Manufacturing costs and ceiling limitations have been a detriment to the increased production of chemical fertilizers.
9. Conclusion. It is concluded that:
a. Factories should be selected and designated to the Japanese so that raw materials and needed repairs can be concentrated in those factories.
b. The Japanese should be directed to:
(1) Allocate necessary raw materials, including coal, and repair parts to selected factories, and to report any needed items which are not at present available in Japan.
(2) Maintain close surveillance over prices paid to manufacturers and to farmers to insure widest distribution and maximum production of commercial fertilizers.
(3) Use every means available to educate the farmers in conservation and proper use of farm manures and other types of natural fertilizers.
10. Implementation. A proposed directive implementing the above conclusion-is outlined in directive referred to in paragraph 1. Directive was drawn up with concurrence of SCAP Fertilizer Committee and has been concurred in by Chief of Staff and Allied Council.
G. T. W.
＜日本語訳＞
肥料の生産、分配及び使用に関する覚書
一九四六年五月一七日
1. 日本に於ける肥料の深刻な不足に鑑みて、日本帝国政府は即時次の各項を達成するための措置を講ずるやう指令さた。
a. 金肥（販売肥料）
（1） 総ての金肥の現在生産量を增加し、将来の生産に於ても急速継続的増産を確保すること。日本政府の処置は次の各項の実施を確保するため、総ての政府機関を即時協力せしめる措置を含むべきこと。
（a） 価格 生產者及び消費者の双方に対して公正均等な価格を設定維持すること。如何なる場合に於ても、家格差のため生產が減少されることなきようすること。
（b） 原料 現在及び将来の生產施設の完全使用を確保し得るよう、関係工場の総てに対し石炭その他原料を十分に割当て引渡すこと。
（2） 窒素工場の修理及び転換に関し、日本政府は次の通り指令された。
（a） 要求事項の即時決定と必要裝備の位置決定、引渡及び設置によつて許可された工場の急速な修理及び転換を実施すること。認可工場は本覚書の別紙附属書に記載されているものである。一覽表所載以外の窒素工場の修理転換は、連合国最高司令部の認可によるの他着手されてはならない。
（b） 本指令受領後三週間以内に、以下に従って修理及び建造に要する裝備及び材料の一覽表三通を連合国最高司令部に提出のこと。
1. 已に操業し得られる工場に於て一九四六年度の窒素肥料生産を著しく增加するに必要であつて、然も日本の公私機関が利用し得る源泉からは入手出来ない材料種目の全部。
2. 上記指令に從つて列記された以外の材料種目で、認可された工場の修理及び転換を完成するため必要であり、然も日本の公私機関が利用し得る源泉からは入手出来ないもの全部。
b. 副製肥料
（1） 現在利用されてゐる副製肥料を最大限に活用すること。
（a） 副製肥料とは堆肥、混合肥料、綠肥、下肥、その他肥料として使用し得られる木灰、台所屑、商品廃物の如き植物養分の源泉をいふ。
（2） 日本政府は本指令受領後三週間以内に、副製肥料の活用を增進するため必要であり、然も現在入手し得ない裝具資材の一覽表を提出するよう指令された。各要求事項を確証するため、その必要の正当なことを示す情況を提示せねばならない。
（3） 都市より農園に対する下肥の集荷引渡が促進せられること。
c. 肥料の生產、分配及び使用を増進する一般的措置
（1） 肥料の生產工場から農園への移動を促進せしめること。
（2） 金肥及び農場生產肥料の取扱、貯藏、輸送及び作物に施す場合に起る損耗を最小限にすることを確保するため管理措置を開始すべきこと。
（3） 最も緊急を要する地域に対する肥料の配給には特別の考慮が払われるべきこと。
（4） 農場生産肥料の生産と有効な使用法についての知識を広く農夫に与えるため、あらゆる可能な手段を用いた強力な敎育計画が即時開始せらるべきこと。この計画は最大限の收穫を得るために金肥及び農場生產肥料を施し、又使用する上に於ても優れた既知の方法を用ふることの必要を强調すること。
2. 日本政府は更に半月每に肥料報吿書を連合国最高司令部に提出するよう指令される。これらの報吿書は上に列記された肥料問題の各部面に関して、日本帝国政府によって講ぜられた措置の記述を含まねばならない。最初の報吿は金肥及び農場生產肥料の增產實施上、日本帝國政府によつて講ぜられるべき措置計画案を含まねばならない。報吿は一五日期間に亙るもので各月一日及び一五日より一週間以内に提出せられねばならない。
別紙一通
窒素肥料の製造を認可せられた工場一覽
（略）
