今日は、昭和時代前期の1945年（昭和20）に、連合国最高司令官事務所からの最初の指令が出された日です。
これは、太平洋戦争後の占領下において、連合国最高司令官（SCAP: Supreme Commander for theAllied Powers）から日本国政府に対して発せられた最初の基本的施策を定める指令でした。この日に調印された降伏文書の条件の実施のために日本政府に発令された、対日占領の前提となる日本軍の戦闘停止と武装解除の手続き、軍事施設、捕虜・抑留者に関する情報提供、外地日本軍の降伏相手先など、軍事事項の細目が規定されていましたが、その後、1951年（昭和26）10月8日の連合国最高司令官指令（SCAPIN-2175）により修正されています。これらは、1952年（昭和27）4月28日に、「サンフランシスコ平和条約」の発効に伴い、一部の特別な協定の結ばれたものを除いて失効しました。
以下に、連合国最高司令官事務所からの最初の指令を全文（英語と日本語訳）掲載しておきますので、ご参照下さい。
〇連合国最高司令官指令（SCAPIN）とは？
太平洋戦争後の占領下において、連合国最高司令官（SCAP: Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers）から日本国政府に対して発せられた基本的施策を定める指示・訓令です。これらの指令文書には、「SCAPIN-○○」という形で番号が付されていたことから、「SCAPIN」（スキャッピン）と通称され、略称では「対日指令」とも呼ばれました。この指令は、1945年（昭和20）9月2日のSCAPIN-1から1952年（昭和27）4月26日のSCAPIN-2204まで出されています。これらは、1952年（昭和27）4月28日に、「サンフランシスコ平和条約」の発効に伴い、一部の特別な協定の結ばれたものを除いて失効しました。
〇連合国最高司令官事務所からの最初の指令（全文） 1945年（昭和20）9月2日指令
＜英語原文＞
GENERAL ORDER NO.I
OFFICE OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER FOR
THE ALLIED POWERS
OFFICE OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER FOR THE ALLIED
POWERS
2 September 1945
DIRECTIVE)
)
NUMBER I )
Pursuant to the provisions of the Instrument of Surrender signed by representatives of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese Imperial Government and of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, 2September 1945, the attached “General Order Number I, Military and Naval” and any necessary amplifying instructions, will be issued without delay to Japanese and Japanese-controlled Armed Forces and to affected civilian agencies, for their full and complete compliance.
By direction of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers:
R. K. SUTHERLAND
Lieutenant General, U. S. Army,
Chief of Staff.
I incl:
General Order No. I,
Military and Naval.
GENERAL ORDER No. 1
Military and Naval
Ⅰ. The Imperial General Headquarters by direction of the Emperor,and pursuant to the surrender to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers of all Japanese Armed Forces by the Emperor, hereby orders all of its Commanders in Japan and abroad to cause the Japanese Armed Forces and Japanese-controlled Forces under their command to cease hostilities at once, to lay down their arms, to remain in their present locations and to surrender unconditionally to Commanders acting on behalf of the United States, The Republic of China, The United Kingdom and the British Empire, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, as indicated hereafter or as may be further directed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.Immediate contact will be made with the indicated Commanders, or their designated representatives, subject to any changes in detail prescribed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, and their instructions will be cmpletely and immediately carried out.
(a) The senior Japanese Commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within China, (excluding Manchuria). Formosa and French Indo-China North of 16 degrees North latitude, shall surrender to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek.
(b) The senior Japanese Commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within Manchuria, Korea North of 38 degrees North latitude, Karafuto, and the Kurile Islands, shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief of Soviet Forces in the Far East.
(c) (1) The senior Japanese Commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within the Andamans, Nicobars, Burma,Thailand, French Indo-China South of 16 degrees North latitude,Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sundas (including Bali, Lombok,and Timor), Boeroe, Ceram, Ambon, Kai, Aroe, Tanimbar and islands in the Arafura Sea, Celebes, Halmahera and Dutch New Guinea shall surrender to the Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia Command.
(2) The senior Japanese Commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within Borneo, British New Guinea, the Bismarcks and the Solomons shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief,Australian Military Forces.
(d) The senior Japanese Commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in the Japanese mandated Islands, Bonins, and other Pacific Islands shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet.
(e) The Imperial General Headquarters, its Senior Commanders, and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in the main islands of Japan,minor Islands adjacent thereto, Korea South of 38 degrees North latitude, Ryukyus, and the Philippines shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief, U. S. Army Forces, Pacific.
(f) The above indicated Commanders are the only representatives of the Allied Powers empowered to accept surrender, and all surrenders of Japanese Forces shall be made only to them or to their representatives.The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters further orders its Commanders in Japan and abroad to disarm completely all forces of Japan or under Japanese control wherever they may be situated, and to deliver intact and in safe and good condition all weapons and
equipment at such times and at such places as may be prescribed by the Allied Commanders indicated above.Pending further instructions, the Japanese Police Force in the main Islands of Japan will be exempt from this disarmament provision.
The Police Force will remain at their posts and shall be held responsible for the preservation of Law and Order. The strength and arms of such Police Force will be prescribed.
Ⅱ. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters shall furnish to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, without delay after receipt of this order, complete information with respect to Japan and all areas under Japanese control, as follows:
(a) Lists of all land, naval, air and anti-aircraft units showing locations and strengths in Officers and Men.
(b) Lists of all aircraft, Military, Naval and Civil, giving complete information as to the number, type, location and condition of such aircraft.
(c) Lists of all Japanese and Japanese-controlled Naval Vessels,surface and submarine and Auxiliary Naval Craft, in or out of commission and under construction, giving their positions, condition and movement.
(d) Lists of all Japanese and Japanese-controlled Merchant Ships of over 100 gross tons, in or out of commission and under construction, including Merchant Ships formerly belonging to any of the United Nations which are now in Japanese hands, giving their positions, condition and movement.
(e) Complete and detailed information, accompanied by maps,showing locations and layouts of all mines, minefields, and other obstacles to movement by land, sea or air, and the safety lanes in connection therewith.
(f) Locations and descriptions of all military installations and establishments, including airfields, seaplane bases, anti-aircraft defenses, ports and naval bases, storage depots, permanent and temporary land and coast fortifications, fortresses and other fortified areas.
(g) Locations of all camps and other places of detention of United Nations Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees.
Ⅲ. Japanese Armed Forces and Civil Aviation Authorities will insure that all Japanese Military, Naval and Civil Aircraft remain on the ground, on the water, or abroad ship, until further notification of the disposition to be made of them.
ⅠⅤ. Japanese or Japanese-controlled Naval or Merchant vessels of all types will be maintained without damage and will undertake no movement pending instructions from the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Vessels at sea will immediately render harmless and throw overboard explosives of all types. Vessels not at sea will immediately remove explosives of all types to safe storage ashore.
Ⅴ. Responsible Japanese or Japanese-controlled Military and Civil Authorities will insure that:
(a) All Japanese mines, minefields and other obstacles to movement by land, sea and air, wherever located, be removed according to instructions of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.
(b) All aids to navigation be reestablished at once.
(c) All safety lanes be kept open and clearly marked pending accomplishment of (a) above.
ⅤⅠ. Responsible Japanese and Japanese-controlled Military and Civil Authorities will hold intact and in good condition pending further instructions from the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers the following:
(a) All arms, ammunition, explosives, military equipment, stores and supplies, and other implements of war of all kinds and all other war material (except as specifically prescribed in section IV of this order).
(b) All land, water and air transportation and communication facilities and equipment.
(c) All Military installations and establishments, including airfields,seaplane bases, anti-aircraft defenses, ports and naval bases, storage depots, permanent and temporary land and coast fortifications, fortresses and other fortified areas, together with plans and drawings of all such fortifications, installations and establishments.
(d) All factories, plants, shops, research institutions, laboratories,testing stations, technical data, patents, plans, drawings and inventions designed or intended to produce or to facilitate the production or use of all implements of war and other material and property used by or intended for use by any military or part-military organization in connection with its operations.
ⅤⅡ. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters shall furnish to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, without delay after receipt of this order, complete lists of all the items specified in paragraphs (a), (b), and (d) of section VI above, indicating the numbers, types and locations of each.
ⅤⅢ. The manufacture and distribution of all arms, ammunition and implements of war will cease forthwith.
ⅠⅩ. With respect to United Nations Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees in the hands of Japanese or Japanese-controlled authorities:
(a) The safety and well-being of all United Nations Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees will be scrupulously preserved, to include the administrative and supply services essential to provide adequate food, shelter, clothing, and medical care until such responsibility is undertaken by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.
(b) Each camp or other place of detention of United Nations Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees together with its equipment,stores, records, arms, and ammunition, will be delivered immediately to the command of the senior officer or designated representative of the Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees.
(c) As directed by Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers,Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees will be transported to places of safety where they can be accepted by Allied authorities.
(d) The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters will furnish to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, without delay after receipt of this order, complete lists of all United Nations Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees,indicating their locations.
Ⅹ. All Japanese and Japanese-controlled Military and Civil Authorities shall aid and assist the occupation of Japan and Japanese-controlled areas by forces of the Allied Powers.
ⅩⅠ. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and appropriate Japanese Officials shall be prepared, on instructions from Allied Occupation Commanders, to collect and deliver all arms in the possession of the Japanese Civilian population.
ⅩⅡ. This and all subsequent instructions issued by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or other Allied Military Authorities will be scrupulously and promptly obeyed by Japanese and Japanese-controlled Military and Civil Officials and private persons. Any delay or failure to comply with the provisions of this or subsequent orders, and any action which the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers determines to be detrimental to the Allied Powers, will incur drastic and summary punishment at the hands of Allied Military Authorities and the Japanese Government.
ⅩⅢ. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters will immediately advise the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers the earliest date and time at which information called for in Parts II, VII and IX (d) can be submitted.
「国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション」より
＜日本語訳＞
一般命令第一号
聯合国最高司令官総司令部
聯合国最高司令官総司令部
指令 第一号 千九百四十五年九月二日
千九百四十五年九月二日日本国天皇及日本帝国政府ノ代表者並ニ日本帝国大本営ノ代表者ニ依リ署名セラレタル降伏文書ノ規定ニ従ヒ別添「一般命令第一号、陸、海軍」及右ヲ敷衍スル必要ナル訓令ヲ日本国軍隊及日本国ノ支配下ニアル軍隊並ニ関係非軍事機関ニ対シ遅滞ナク発出シ之ヲ十分且完全ニ遵守セシムベシ
聯合国最高司令官ノ指示ニ依リ
参謀長 米国陸軍中将
Ｒ、Ｋ、サザーラン
添附書
一般命令第一号 陸、海軍
一 帝国大本営ハ茲ニ勅命ニ依リ且勅命ニ基ク一切ノ日本国軍隊ノ聯合国最高司令官ニ対スル降伏ノ結果トシテ日本国内及国外ニ在ル一切ノ指揮官ニ対シ其ノ指揮下ニ在ル日本国軍隊及日本国ノ支配下ニ在ル軍隊ヲシテ敵対行為ヲ直ニ終止シ其ノ武器ヲ措キ現位置ニ留リ且左ニ指示セラレ又ハ聯合国最高司令官ニ依リ追テ指示セラルルコトアルベキ合衆国、中華民国、聯合王国及「ソヴィエト」社会主義共和国聯邦ノ名ニ於テ行動スル各指揮官ニ対シ無条件降伏ヲ為サシムベキコトヲ命ズ指示セラレタル指揮官又ハ其ノ指名シタル代表者ニ対シテハ即刻連絡スベキモノトス但シ細目ニ関シテハ聯合国最高司令官ニ依リ変更ノ行ハルルコトアルベク右指揮官又ハ代表者ノ命令ハ完全ニ且即時実行セラルベキモノトス
(イ)支那(満洲ヲ除ク)、台湾及北緯十六度以北ノ仏領印度支那ニ在ル日本国ノ先任指揮官並ニ一切ノ陸上、海上、航空及補助部隊ハ蔣介石総帥ニ降伏スベシ
(ロ)満洲、北緯三十八度以北ノ朝鮮、樺太及千島諸島ニ在ル日本国ノ先任指揮官並ニ一切ノ陸上、海上、航空及補助部隊ハ「ソヴィエト」極東軍最高司令官ニ降伏スベシ
(ハ)(一)「アンダマン」諸島、「ニコバル」諸島、「ビルマ」、「タイ」国、北緯十六度以南ノ仏領印度支那、「マライ」、「スマトラ」、「ジャヴァ」、小「スンダ」諸島(「バリ」、「ロンボク」及「チモール」ヲ含ム)、「ブル」、「セラム」、「アンボン」、「カイ」、「アル」、「タニンバル」及「アラフラ」海ノ諸島、「セレベス」諸島、「ハルマヘラ」諸島並ニ蘭領「ニュー、ギニア」ニ在ル日本国ノ先任指揮官並ニ一切ノ陸上、海上、航空及補助部隊ハ東南亜細亜軍司令部最高司令官ニ降伏スベシ
(二）「ボルネオ」、英領「ニュー、ギニア」、「ビスマルク」諸島及「ソロモン」諸島ニ在ル日本国ノ先任指揮官並ニ一切ノ陸上、海上、航空及補助部隊ハ濠洲陸軍最高司令官ニ降伏スベシ
(ニ)日本国委任統治諸島、小笠原諸島及他ノ太平洋諸島ニ在ル日本国ノ先任指揮官並ニ一切ノ陸上、海上、航空及補助部隊ハ合衆国太平洋艦隊最高司令官ニ降伏スベシ
(ホ)日本国大本営並ニ日本国本土、之ニ隣接スル諸小島、北緯三十八度以南ノ朝鮮、琉球諸島及「フィリピン」諸島ニ在ル先任指揮官並ニ一切ノ陸上、海上、航空及補助部隊ハ合衆国太平洋陸軍部隊最高司令官ニ降伏スベシ
(ヘ)前記各指揮官ノミガ降伏ヲ受諾スルノ権限ヲ付与セラレタル聯合国代表者ニシテ日本国軍隊ノ降伏ハ総テ右指揮官又ハ其ノ代表者ノミニ対シ為サルベシ
日本国大本営ハ更ニ日本国国内及国外ニ在ル其ノ指揮官ニ対シ何レノ位置ニ在ルヲ問ハズ一切ノ日本国軍隊又ハ日本国ノ支配下ニ在ル軍隊ヲ完全ニ武装解除シ且前記聯合国指揮官ニ依リ指定セラルル時期及場所ニ於テ一切ノ兵器及装備ヲ現状ノ儘且安全ニシテ良好ナル状態ニ於テ引渡スベキコトヲ命ズ
追テ指示アル迄日本国本土内ニ在ル日本国警察機関ハ本武装解除規定ノ適用ヲ免ルルモノトス警察機関ハ其ノ部署ニ留ルモノトシ法及秩序ノ維持ニ付其ノ責ニ任ズベシ
右警察機関ノ人員及武器ハ規定セラルルモノトス
二 日本国大本営ハ聯合国最高司令官ニ対シ本命令受領ノ後遅滞ナク日本国及日本国ノ支配下ニ在ル一切ノ地域ニ於ケル左ノ諸点ニ関スル完全ナル情報ヲ提供スベシ
(イ)一切ノ陸上、海上、航空及防空部隊ノ位置及将兵ノ数ヲ示ス表
(ロ)一切ノ陸軍、海軍及非軍用航空機ノ数、型式、位置及其ノ状態ニ関シ完全ナル情報ヲ与フル表
(ハ)日本国ノ及日本国ノ支配スル一切ノ水上及潜水海軍艦艇並ニ補助海軍艦艇ニシテ就役中ノモノ又ハ就役中ニ非ザルモノ及建造中ノモノノ位置、状態及運行ヲ示ス表
(ニ)日本国ノ及日本国ノ支配スル一切ノ総噸数百噸ヲ超ユル商船(嘗テ聯合国ノ何レカニ属シ現ニ日本国ノ権内ニ在ルモノヲ含ム)ニシテ就役中ノモノ又ハ就役中ニ非ザルモノ及建造中ノモノノ位置、状態、運行ヲ示ス表
(ホ)一切ノ機雷、機雷原其ノ他ノ陸上、海上又ハ空中ノ行動ニ対スル障害物ノ位置及施設状況並ニ右ニ関聯スル安全通路ニ関スル完全且詳細ナル地図附情報
(ヘ)飛行場、水上機基地、対空防備施設、港、海軍基地、物資貯蔵所、常設及仮設ノ陸上及沿岸防備施設、要塞其ノ他ノ防備地域ヲ含ム一切ノ軍事施設及建造物ノ位置及説明
(ト)聯合諸国ノ俘虜及被抑留者ノ一切ノ収容所其ノ他ノ抑留所ノ位置
三 日本軍及民間航空所管当局ハ一切ノ日本国ノ陸軍、海軍及非軍用航空機ガ追テ其ノ処理ニ関シ通告アル迄陸上、海上又ハ艦上ニ留ルコトヲ保障スルモノトス
四 日本国ノ又ハ日本国ノ支配スル一切ノ型式ノ海軍艦艇及商船ハ聯合国最高司令官ノ指示アル迄之ヲ毀損スルコトナク保全シ且移動ヲ企図セザルモノトス航海中ノ船舶ニ於テハ直ニ一切ノ種類ノ爆発物ヲ無害ト為シ海中ニ抛棄スルモノトス航海中ニ非ザル船舶ニ於テハ直ニ一切ノ種類ノ爆発物ヲ沿岸ノ安全ナル貯蔵所ニ移転スルモノトス
五 責任アル日本国ノ及日本国ノ支配下ニ在ル軍及行政当局ハ左記ヲ保障スルモノトス
(イ)一切ノ日本国ノ機雷、機雷原其ノ他ノ陸上、海上及空中ノ行動ニ対スル障害物ハ何レノ位置ニ在ルヲ問ハズ聯合国最高司令官ノ指示ニ従ヒ之ヲ除去ス
(ロ)航海ヲ便ナラシムル一切ノ施設ハ直ニ之ヲ復活ス
(ハ)前記(イ)ノ実施迄一切ノ安全通路ハ之ヲ開放シ且明瞭ニ標示ス
六 責任アル日本国ノ及日本国ノ支配下ニ在ル軍及行政当局ハ聯合国最高司令官ヨリ追テ指示アル迄左記ヲ現状ノ儘且良好ナル状態ニ於テ保持スルモノトス
(イ)一切ノ兵器、弾薬、爆発物、軍用ノ装備、貯品及需品其ノ他一切ノ種類ノ戦争用具及他ノ一切ノ戦争用資材(本命令第四項ニ特ニ規定スルモノヲ除ク)
(ロ)一切ノ陸上、水上及空中運輸及通信ノ施設及装置
(ハ)飛行場、水上機基地、対空防備施設、港及海軍基地、物資貯蔵所、常設及仮設ノ陸上及沿岸防備施設、要塞其ノ他ノ防備地域ヲ含ム一切ノ軍事施設及建造物並ニ一切ノ此等ノ防備施設、軍事施設及建造物ノ設計及図面
(ニ)一切ノ戦争用具並ニ軍事機関又ハ準軍事機関ガ其ノ運営ニ関シ現ニ使用シ又ハ使用セントスル他ノ資材及資産ヲ製造スル為又ハ此等ノ製造若ハ使用ヲ容易ナラシムル為計畫セラレ又ハ之ニ充当セラレタル一切ノ工場、製造場、工作場、研究所、実験所、試験所、技術上ノ要目(「データ」)、特許、設計、図面及発明
七 日本国大本営ハ聯合国最高司令官ニ対シ本命令受領ノ後遅滞ナク前記第六項(イ)、(ロ)及(ニ)ニ掲グル一切ノ項目ニ関シ其ノ数量、型式及位置ヲ示ス完全ナル表ヲ提供スベシ
八 一切ノ兵器、弾薬及戦争用具ノ製造及分配ハ直ニ之ヲ終止スルモノトス
九 日本国ノ又ハ日本国ノ支配下ニ在ル官憲ノ権内ニ在ル聯合諸国ノ俘虜及被抑留者ニ関シテハ
(イ)一切ノ聯合諸国ノ俘虜及被抑留者ノ安全及福祉ハ細心ノ注意ヲ以テ之ヲ保持スルモノトシ右ハ聯合国最高司令官ガ其ノ責任ヲ引継グニ至ル迄適当ナル食糧、住居、被服及医療ヲ確保スルニ必要ナル管理及補給ノ業務ヲ含ムモノトス
(ロ)聯合諸国ノ俘虜及被抑留者ノ収容所其ノ他ノ抑留所ハ夫々其ノ設備、貯蔵品、記録、武器及弾薬ト共ニ直ニ之ヲ右俘虜及被抑留者中ノ先任将校又ハ指定セラレタル代表者ニ引渡シ其ノ指揮下ニ入ラシムルモノトス
(ハ)聯合国最高司令官ノ指示スル所ニ従ヒ俘虜及被抑留者ハ聯合国官憲ガ之ヲ引取リ得ベキ安全ナル場所ニ輸送セラルルモノトス
(ニ)日本国大本営ハ聯合国最高司令官ニ対シ本命令受領ノ後遅滞ナク一切ノ聯合国ノ俘虜及被抑留者ノ所在ヲ示ス完全ナル表ヲ提供スルモノトス
十 一切ノ日本国ノ及日本国ノ支配下ニ在ル軍及行政当局ハ聯合国軍隊ノ日本国及日本国ノ支配スル地域ノ占領ヲ援助スベシ
十一 日本国大本営及日本国当該官憲ハ聯合国占領軍指揮官ノ指示アル際一般日本国民ノ所有スル一切ノ武器ヲ蒐集シ且引渡ス為ノ準備ヲ為シ置クベシ
十二 日本国ノ及日本国ノ支配下ニ在ル軍及行政官憲並ニ私人ハ本命令及爾後聯合国最高司令官又ハ他ノ聯合国軍官憲ノ発スル一切ノ指示ニ誠実且迅速ニ服スルモノトス本命令若ハ爾後ノ命令ノ規定ヲ遵守スルニ遅滞アリ又ハ之ヲ遵守セザルトキ及聯合国最高司令官ガ聯合国ニ対シ有害ナリト認ムル行為アルトキハ聯合国軍官憲及日本国政府ハ厳重且迅速ナル制裁ヲ加フルモノトス
十三 日本国大本営ハ聯合国最高司令官ニ対シ前記第二項、第七項及第九項(ニ)ニ要求セラルル情報ヲ提供シ得ベキ最モ速ナル日時ヲ直ニ通報スルモノトス
〇同じ日の過去の出来事（以前にブログで紹介した記事）
| 1828年（文政11） | 越前福井藩主・政治家松平慶永（春嶽）の誕生日（新暦10月10日） | 詳細 |
| 1913年（大正2） | 思想家・美術指導者岡倉天心の命日 | 詳細 |
| 1945年（昭和20） | 東京湾上のアメリカ戦艦ミズーリ号の甲板上において降伏文書に調印する | 詳細 |
