今日は、昭和時代前期の1945年（昭和20年）に、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ）により、「宗教指令（神道指令）」（SCAPIN-448）が出された日です。
この指令は、正式名称を「国家神道・神社神道ニ対スル政府ノ保証・支援・保全・監督及ビ弘布ノ廃止ニ関スル件」といい、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部（GHQ）が政府に対して発した覚書でした。国家神道の廃止、政治と宗教の徹底的分離、神社神道の民間宗教としての存続などを指示し、信教の自由の確立と軍国主義の排除を目指したものです。
日中戦争突入前後から太平洋戦争にかけての時期、神社は戦争遂行の精神的支柱としてとりわけ重視され、神社の国家管理制、公教育の場での宗教教育、国家・地方公共団体の宗教儀式などが強化されました。例えば、キリスト教の教会やキリスト教系の学校などに対しても、伊勢神宮の大麻の奉祀が強制されたりしています。
この指令により、全国の神社は国家、地方公共団体より分離され、神社は宗教法人となり、現在その多くは連合して神社本庁という組織を作ることになりました。
以下に、「宗教指令（神道指令）」（SCAPIN-448）の英語原文と日本語訳を全文を掲載しておきますので、ご参照下さい。
〇「国家神道、神社神道ニ対スル政府ノ保証、支援、保全、監督並ニ弘布ノ廃止ニ関スル件」（SCAPIN-448）1945年（昭和20）年12月15日
TRANSLATIONS AND OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
The Shinto Directive
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS
SUPREME COMMANDER FOR THF ALLIED SOWERS
AG 000.3 (15 Dec 45) CIE 15 December 1945
MEMORANDUM FOR: IMPERIAL JAPANESE GOVERNMENT
THROUGH : Central Liaison Office, Tokyo.
SUBJECT : Abolition of Governmental Sponsorship, Support, Perpetuation, Control, and Dissemination of State Shinto (Kokka Shinto, Jinja Shinto).
1 . In order to free the Japanese people from direct or indirect compulsion to believe or profess to believe in a religion or cult officially designated by the state, and
In order to lift from the Japanese people the burden of compulsory financial support of an ideology which has contributed to their war guilt, defeat, suffering, privation,and present deplorable condition, and
In order to prevent a recurrence of the perversion of Shinto theory and beliefs into ilitaristic and ultra-nationalistic propaganda designed to delude the Japanese people and lead them into wars of aggres-sion，and
In order to assist the Japanese people in a rededication of their national life to building a new Japan based upon ideals of perpetual peace and democracy,
It is hereby directed that:
a. The sponsorship, support, perpetuation, control and dissemination of Shinto by the Japanese national, prefectural, and local governments, or by public officials, subordinates, and employees acting in their official capacity are prohibited and will cease immediately.
b. All financial support from public funds and all official affilia tion with Shinto and Shinto shrines are prohibited and will cease immediately.
(1) While no financial support from public funds will be extended to shrines located on public reservations or parks, this prohibition will not be construed to preclude the Japanese Government from continuing to support the areas on which such shrines are located.
(2) Private financial support of all shinto shrines which have been previously supported in whole or in part by public funds will be permitted，provided such private support is entirely voluntary and is in no way derived from forced or involuntary contributions.
c. All propagation and dissemination of militaristic and ultranationalistic ideology in Shinto doctrines, practices, rites,ceremonies, or observances, as well as in the doctrines, practices,rites, ceremonies, and observances of any other religion, faith, sect,creed, or philosophy, are prohibited and will cease immediately.
d. The Religious Functions Order relating to the Grand Shrine of Ise and the Religious Functions Order relating to State and other Shrines will be annuled.
e. The Shrine Board (Jingi-in') of the Ministry of Home Affairs will be abolished, and its present functions, duties, and administrative obligations will not be assumed by any other governmental or tax-supported agency.
f. All public educational institutions whose primary function is either the investigation and dissemination of Shinto or the training of a Shinto priesthood will be abolished and their physical properties diverted to other uses. Their present functions,duties and administrative obligations will not be assumed by any other governmental or tax-supported agency.
g. Private educational institutions for the investigation and dissemination of Shinto and for the training of priesthood for Shinto will be permitted and will operate with the same privileges and be subject to the same controls and restrictions as any otherprivate edu cational instituOFFICIAL tion having no affiliation with the government; in no case,however, will they receive support from public funds, and in no case will they propagate and disseminate militaristic and ultranationalistic ideology.The dissemination of Shinto doctrines in any form and by any means in any educational institution supported wholly or in part by public funds is prohibited and will cease immediately.
(1) All teachers’ manuals and textbooks now in use in any educational institution supported wholly or in part by public funds will be censored, and all Shinto doctrine will be deleted. No teachers’ manual or textbook which is published in the future for use in such institutions will contain any Shinto doctrine.
(2) No visits to Shinto shrines and no rites, practices or ceremonies associated with Shinto will be conducted or sponsored by any educational institution supported wholly or in part by public funds.
i. Circulation by the government of “The Fundamental Principles of the National StrucTRANSLATIONS ture ’’ (Kokuiai no Hongi)，“The Way of the Subject” (Shinmin no Michi'), and all similar official lumes, commentaries, interpretations, or instructions on Shinto is prohibited.
j. The use in official writings of the terms “Greater East Asia War (Dai Tda Sensd)，“ The Whole World under One Roof ” (Hakko Ichi-u), and all other terms whose connotation in Japanese is inextricably connected with State Shinto, militarism, and ultra-nationalism is prohibited and will cease immediately.
k. God-shelves (Kamidana) and all other physical symbols of State Shinto in any office, school, institution, organization, or structure supported wholly or in part by public funds are prohibited and will be removed immediately.
1 . No official, subordinate, employee, student, citizen, or resident of Japan will be discriminated against because of his failure to profess and believe in or participate in any practice，rite, ceremony, or observance of State Shinto or of any other OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS religion.
m. No official of the national, prefectural, or local government, acting in his public capacity, will visit any shrine to report his assumption of office, to report on conditions of government or to participate as a representative of
government in any ceremony or observance.
2. a. The purpose of this directive is to separate religion from the state, to prevent misuse of religion for political ends, and to put all religions, faiths, and creeds upon exactly the same basis, entitled to precisely the same opportunities and protection. It forbids affiliation with the government and the propagation and dissemination of militaristic and ultra-nationalistic ideology not only to Shinto but to the followers of all religions，faiths, sects
creeds, or philosophies.
b. The provisions of this directive will apply with equal force to all rites, practices, ceremonies, observances， beliefs, teachings, mythology, legends, philosophy, shrines, and physical symbols associated with Shinto.
c. The term State Shinto within the meaning of this directive will refer to that branch of Shinto QKokka Shinto or Jinja
Shinto) which by official acts of the Japanese Government has been differentiated from the religion of Sect Shinto (Shuha Shinto or Kydha Shinto) and has been classified a non-religious cult commonly known as State Shinto, National Shinto, or Shrine Shinto.
d. The term Sect Shinto (Shuha Shinto or Kydha Shinto) will refer to that branch of Shinto (composed of 13 recognized sects) which by popular belief, legal commentary, and the official acts of the Japanese Government has been recognized to be a religion.
e. Pursuant to the terms of Article I of the Basic Directive on “Removal of Restrictions on Political, Civil, and Religious Liberties” issued on 4 October 1945 by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in which the Japanese people were assured complete religious freedom,
(1) Sect Shinto will enjoy the same protection as any other religion.
(2) Shrine Shinto, after having been divorced from the state and divested of its militaristic and ultra-nationalistic elements, will be recognized as a religion if its adherents so desire and will be granted the same protection as any other religion in so far as it may in fact be the philosophy or religion of Japanese individuals.
f. Militaristic and ultra-nationalistic ideology, as used in this directive, embraces those teachings, beliefs, and theories which advocate or justify a mission on the part of Japan to extend its rule over other nations and peoples by reason of:
(1) The doctrine that the Emperor of Japan is superior to the heads of other states because of ancestry, descent, or special origin.
(2) The doctrine that the people of Japan are superior to the people of other lands because of ancestry, descent, or special origin.
(3) The doctrine that the islands ot Japan are superior to other lands because of divine or special origin.
(4) Any other doctrine which tends to delude the Japanese people into embarking upon wars of aggression or to glorify the use of force as an instrument for the settlement of disputes with other peoples.
3. The Imperial Japanese Government will submit a comprehensive report to this Headquarters not later than 15 March 1946 describing in detail all action taken to comply with all provisions of this directive.
4. All officials, subordinates, and employees of the Japanese national, prefectural, and local governments, all teachers and education officials, and all citizens and residents of Japan will be held personally accountable for compliance with the spirit as well as the letter of all provisions of this directive.
FOR THE SUPREME COMMANDER ：
/s/ H. W. Allen
H. W. ALLEN,
Colonel, A.G.D.,
Asst Adjutant General.
＜日本語訳＞
国家神道、神社神道に対する政府の保証、支援、保全、監督並びに弘布の廃止に関する件（SCAPIN-448）
（昭和二十年十二月十五日連合国軍最高司令官総司令部参謀副官発第三号(民間情報教育部)終戦連絡中央事務局経由日本政府ニ対スル覚書）
一 国家指定ノ宗教乃至祭式ニ対スル信仰或ハ信仰告白ノ(直接的或ハ間接的)強制ヨリ日本国民ヲ解放スル為ニ戦争犯罪、敗北、苦悩、困窮及ビ現在ノ悲惨ナル状態ヲ招来セル「イデオロギー」ニ対スル強制的財政援助ヨリ生ズル日本国民ノ経済的負担ヲ取り除ク為ニ神道ノ教理並ニ信仰ヲ歪曲シテ日本国民ヲ欺キ侵略戦争ヘ誘導スルタメニ意図サレタ軍国主義的並ニ過激ナル国家主義的宣伝ニ利用スルガ如キコトノ再ビ起ルコトヲ妨止スル為ニ再教育ニ依ッテ国民生活ヲ更新シ永久ノ平和及民主主義ノ理想ニ基礎ヲ置ク新日本建設ヲ実現セシムル計画ニ対シテ日本国民ヲ援助スル為ニ茲ニ左ノ指令ヲ発ス
（イ）日本政府、都道府県庁、市町村或ハ官公吏、属官、雇員等ニシテ公的資格ニ於テ神道ノ保証、支援、保全、監督並ニ弘布ヲナスコトヲ禁止スル而シテカカル行為ノ即刻ノ停止ヲ命ズル
（ロ）神道及神杜ニ対スル公ノ財源ヨリノアラユル財政的援助並ニアラユル公的要素ノ導入ハ之ヲ禁止スル而シテカカル行為ノ即刻ノ停止ヲ命ズル
（1）公地或ハ公園ニ設置セラレタル神社ニ対シテ公ノ財源ヨリノ如何ナル種類ノ財政的援助モ許サレズ但シコノ禁止命令ハカカル神社ノ設置セラレ居ル地域ニ対シテ日本政府、都道府県庁、市町村ガ援助ヲ継続スルコトヲ妨ゲルモノト解釈セラルベキデハナイ
（2）従来部分的ニ或ハ全面的ニ公ノ財源ニヨツテ維持セラレテヰタアラユル神道ノ神社ヲ個人トシテ財政的ニ援助スルコトハ許サレル但シカカル個人的援助ハ全ク自発的ナルコトヲ条件トシ絶対ニ強制的或ハ不本意ノ寄附ヨリナル援助デアツテハナラナイ
（ハ）神道ノ教義、慣例、祭式、儀式或ハ礼式ニ於テ軍国主義的乃至過激ナル国家主義的「イデオロギー」ノ如何ナル宣伝、弘布モ之ヲ禁止スル而シテカカル行為ノ即刻ノ停止ヲ命ズル神道ニ限ラズ他ノ如何ナル宗教、信仰、宗派、信条或ハ哲学ニ於テモ叙上ノ「イデオロギー」ノ宣伝、弘布ハ勿論之ヲ禁止シカカル行為ノ却刻ノ停止ヲ命ズル
（ニ）伊勢ノ大廟ニ関シテノ宗教的式典ノ指令並ニ官国幣社ソノ他ノ神社ニ関シテノ宗教的式典ノ指令ハ之ヲ撤廃スルコト
（ホ）内務省ノ神祇院ハ之ヲ廃止スルコト而シテ政府ノ他ノ如何ナル機関モ或ハ租税ニ依ツテ維持セラレル如何ナル機関モ神祇院ノ現在ノ機能、任務、行政的責務ヲ代行スルコトハ許サレナイ
（ヘ）アラユル公ノ教育機関ニシテソノ主要ナル機能ガ神道ノ調査研究及ビ弘布ニアルカ或ハ神官ノ養成ニアルモノハ之ヲ廃止シソノ物的所有物ハ他ニ転用スルコト而シテ政府ノ如何ナル機関モ或ハ租税ニ依ッテ維持セラルル如何ナル機関モカカル教育機関ノ現在ノ機能又ハ任務ノ行政的責務ヲ代行スルコトハ許サレナイ
（ト）神道ノ調査研究並ニ弘布ヲ目的トスル或ハ神官養成ヲ目的トスル私立ノ教育機関ハ之ヲ認メル但シ政府ト特殊ノ関係ナキ他ノ私立教育機関ト同様ナル監督制限ノモトニアル同様ナル特典ヲ与ヘラレテ経営セラルベキコト併シ如何ナル場合ト雖モ公ノ財源ヨリ支援ヲ受クベカラザルコト、マタ如何ナル場合ト雖モ軍国主義的乃至過激ナル国家主義的「イデオロギー」ヲ宣伝、弘布スベカラザルコト
（チ）全面的ニ或ハ部分的ニ公ノ財源ニ依テ維持セラレル如何ナル教育機関ニ於テモ神道ノ教義ノ弘布ハソノ方法様式ヲ問ハズ禁止セラルベキコト、而シテカカル行為ハ即刻停止セラルベキコト
（1）全面的ニ或ハ部分的ニ公ノ財源ニ依ツテ維持セラレ居ル凡テノ教育機関ニ於テ現ニ使用セラレ居ル凡テノ教師用参考書並ニ教科書ハ之ヲ検閲シソノ中ヨリ凡テノ神道教義ヲ削除スルコト
今後カカル教育機関ニ於テ使用スル為ニ出版セラルベキ如何ナル教師用参考書、如何ナル教科書ニモ神道教義ヲ含マシメザルコト
（2）全面的ニ或ハ部分的ニ公ノ財源ニ依テ維持セラレル如何ナル教育機関モ神道神社参拝乃至神道ニ関連セル祭式、慣例或ハ儀式ヲ行ヒ或ハソノ後援ヲナサザルコト
（リ）「国体の本義」、「臣民の道」乃至同種類ノ官発行ノ書籍論評、評釈乃至神道ニ関スル訓令等ノ頒布ハ之ヲ禁止スル
（ヌ）公文書ニ於テ「大東亜戦争」、「八紘一宇」ナル用語乃至ソノ他ノ用語ニシテ日本語トシテソノ意味ノ連想ガ国家神道、軍国主義、過激ナル国家主義ト切り離シ得ザルモノハ之ヲ使用スルコトヲ禁止スル、而シテカカル用語ノ却刻停止ヲ命令スル
（ル）全面的乃至部分的ニ公ノ財源ニ依ツテ維持セラレル役所、学校、機関、協会乃至建造物中ニ神棚ソノ他国家神道ノ物的象徴トナル凡テノモノヲ設置スルコトヲ禁止スル、而シテ之等ノモノヲ直ニ除去スルコトヲ命令スル
（ヲ）官公吏、属官、雇員、学生、一般ノ国民乃至日本国在住者ガ国家神道ソノ他如何ナル宗教ヲ問ハズ之ヲ信仰セヌ故ニ或ハ之ガ信仰告白ヲナサヌガ故ニ或ハカカル特定ノ宗教ノ慣例、祭式、儀式、礼式ニ参列セヌガ故ニ彼等ヲ差別待遇セザルコト
（ワ）日本政府、都道府県庁、市町村ノ官公吏ハソノ公ノ資格ニ於テ新任ノ奉告ヲナス為ニ或ハ政治ノ現状ヲ奉告スル為ニ或ハ政府乃至役所ノ代表トシテ神道ノ如何ナル儀式或ハ礼式タルヲ問ハズ之ニ参列スル為ニ如何ナル神社ニモ参拝セザルコト
二（イ）本指令ノ目的ハ宗教ヲ国家ヨリ分離スルニアル、マタ宗教ヲ政治的目的ニ誤用スルコトヲ妨止シ、正確ニ同ジ機会ト保護ヲ与ヘラレル権利ヲ有スルアラユル宗教、信仰、信条ヲ正確ニ同ジ法的根拠ノ上ニ立タシメルニアル、本指令ハ啻ニ神道ニ対シテノミナラズアラユル宗教、信仰、宗派、信条乃至哲学ノ信奉者ニ対シテモ政府ト特殊ノ関係ヲ持ツコトヲ禁ジマタ軍国主義的乃至過激ナル国家主義的「イデオロギー」ノ宣伝、弘布ヲ禁ズルモノデアル
（ロ）本指令ノ各条項ハ同ジ効力ヲ以テ神道ニ関連スルアラユル祭式、慣例、儀式、礼式、信仰、教ヘ、神話、伝説、哲学、神社、物的象徴ニ適用サレルモノデアル
（ハ）本指令ノ中ニテ意味スル国家神道ナル用語ハ、日本政府ノ法令ニ依テ宗派神道或ハ教派神道ト区別セラレタル神道ノ一派即チ国家神道乃至神社神道トシテ一般ニ知ラレタル非宗教的ナル国家的祭祀トシテ類別セラレタル神道ノ一派(国家神道或ハ神社神道)ヲ指スモノデアル
（ニ）宗派神道或ハ教派神道ナル用語ハ一般民間ニ於テモ、法律上ノ解釈ニ依テモ又日本政府ノ法令ニ依テモ宗教トシテ認メラレテ来タ(十三ノ公認宗派ヨリ成ル)神道ノ一派ヲ指スモノデアル
（ホ）連合国軍最高司令官ニ依テ一九四五年十月四日ニ発セラレタル基本的指令即チ「政治的、社会的並ニ宗教的自由束縛ノ解放」ニ依テ日本国民ハ完全ナル宗教的自由ヲ保証セラレタノデアルガ、右指令第一条ノ条項ニ従テ
（1）宗派神道ハ他ノ宗教ト同様ナル保護ヲ享受スルモノデアル
（2）神社神道ハ国家カラ分離セラレ、ソノ軍国主義的乃至過激ナル国家主義的要素ヲ剥奪セラレタル後ハ若シソノ信奉者ガ望ム場合ニハ一宗教トシテ認メラレルデアラウ、而シテソレガ事実日本人個人ノ宗教ナリ或ハ哲学ナリデアル限りニ於テ他ノ宗教同様ノ保護ヲ許容セラレルデアラウ
（ヘ）本指令中ニ用ヒラレテヰル軍国主義的乃至過激ナル国家主義的「イデオロギー」ナル語ハ、日本ノ支配ヲ以下ニ掲グル理由ノモトニ他国民乃至他民族ニ及ボサントスル日本人ノ使命ヲ擁護シ或ハ正当化スル教ヘ、信仰、理論ヲ包含スルモノデアル
（1）日本ノ天皇ハソノ家系、血統或ハ特殊ナル起源ノ故ニ他国ノ元首ニ優ルトスル主義
（2）日本ノ国民ハソノ家系、血統或ハ特殊ナル起源ノ故ニ他国民ニ優ルトスル主義
（3）日本ノ諸島ハ神ニ起源ヲ発スルガ故ニ或ハ特殊ナル起源ヲ有スルガ故ニ他国ニ優ルトスル主義
（4）ソノ他日本国民ヲ欺キ侵略戦争ヘ駆リ出サシメ或ハ他国民ノ論争ノ解決ノ手段トシテ武力ノ行使ヲ謳歌セシメルニ至ラシメルガ如キ主義
三 日本帝国政府ハ一九四六年三月十五日迄ニ本司令部ニ対シテ本指令ノ各条項ニ従ッテ取ラレタル諸措置ヲ詳細ニ記述セル総括的報告ヲ提出スベキモノナルコト
四 日本ノ政府、県庁、市町村ノ凡テノ官公吏、属官、雇員並ニアラユル教師、教育関係職員、国民、日本国内在住者ハ本指令各条項ノ文言並ニソノ精神ヲ遵守スルコトニ対シテ夫々個人的責任ヲ負フベキコト
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